Australia has amazing warm sunny weather all year round
Difference between weather and climate
The climate of a location is very dependent on the latitude, terrain, altitude and large water bodies close by.
Australia has a vast variety of land from the snow mountains in NSW, the wetlands up in Darwin and the desserts in South Australia and Northern Territory. Australia has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world with an annual rainfall of less than 600 millilitres.
Weather is how the atmosphere behaves in relation to the effects on life and human activities. The main difference between climate and weather are short term changes in the atmosphere. weather can be described as wind, atmospheric pressure, brightness, visibility, humidity and temperature. Weather can change many times throughout the day but also has trends that relate to seasons. Whereas climate is a long term trend.
Australia has a very large variation in its climate. This is because it is such a large area of land. The northern areas are close to the equator so they are generally hotter in temperature. The southern areas are generally cooler because of the cool winds coming north from antarctica. The middle parts of Australia are quite hot as well because of the desertification from not getting enough water.
Summer
Average temperatures for different parts of Australia from December to February. The season of Summer has a higher average temperature than the other seasons. Temperatures range from around 140 to around 300. Typical clothing consists of open shoes, shorts and t-shirts for casual attire. Hats and sun rated clothing are recommended for skin protection.
Autumn
Average temperatures for Australia from March to May. Temperatures are usually lower than summer but warmer than winter. Autumn is a transition period. Temperatures range from around 100 to around 240. Clothing is very similar to summer attire with an additional layer for warmth the closer it gets to the winter season.
Winter
Average temperatures for Australia from June to August. Winter season is much colder than all the other seasons. Temperatures range from around 40 to around 170. Winter in australia is vastly different in certain areas of the country. Light clothing is still worn in the far north regions whereas the alps and mountain regions and southern areas can require many layers for cold and wind protection.
Spring
Average temperatures for Australia from September to November. Spring is usually warmer than Autumn and Winter. It is a transition period from Winter into Summer. Temperatures range from around 100 to around 230. Spring is varied for all areas as it transitions from winter into summer, shorts, shirt, hat and sunscreen could be required one hour, the next pants and a warm jumper. Make sure to be prepared.
Hobart being at the southern tip of Tasmania has the lowest average temperature range as it is closest to the south pole. As it is exposed to the southern oceans, it has higher consistent rainfall throughout the four seasons. The temperature range in perth shows a wider variation between the average maximum and minimum temperatures. This means that summer are very hot and winters are quite cold. The summers are typically dry with the warmer temperatures and as the winters cool off, it gets increasingly wet. From January the high rainfall is the start of the wet season that continues through to march where it drops considerably to almost no rainfall from April to October. There is a high average temperature consistent throughout the year due to close proximity to the equator.
El Nino
El Nino is the extensive warming of the eastern and central pacific ocean which changes weather patterns across the pacific.Historically it occurs every 3 to 8 years due to a weaker and drier conditions in eastern Australia. Winds increase the convection which causes warmer water to be brought from the Western Pacific Ocean.
La Nina
La Nina is the opposite, this is the extensive cooling of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It is usually the cause of higher average rainfall in Australia. Winds bring warm water from the Eastern Pacific and then that warm water is evaporated and precipitation occurs more often. The water temperature usually rises from around 200 at normal to 280 to 300.
When cold dense air moves towards the equator it causes warm air to be pushed up over its slanting surface, this is what you call a cold front. A warm front is where lower density warm air moves toward the poles, gliding over the surface formed by a colder air mass. Frontal systems bring rainfall to Australia. They can be very different depending on their speed and intensity. Usually the stronger fronts bring heavier rainfall. If fronts are slow moving, extended periods of rainfall may be common. Synoptic charts vary all the time as weather can change from day to day, hour to hour. Low and High Pressure systems create different weather patterns. High pressure systems are circulations in the atmosphere which rotate anti-clockwise. They occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The are areas of high pressure which generally have light winds and settled and fine conditions. Low pressure systems are circulations in the atmosphere which rotate clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. They are areas of low pressure and generally have stronger winds, rainfall, cloudiness. A large high pressure system will keep most of the country clear with settled conditions. Low pressure systems to the south of Australia. This could cause light showers for Victoria and Tasmania